SACAIR Online Proceedings
SACAIR2022 Proceedings
The Proceedings of SACAIR2022 Online Conference, the 3rd Southern African Conference for Artificial Intelligence Research
The SACAIR Online Proceedings include all abstracts, as well as the full research papers accepted for presentation at the SACAIR2022 online conference (Vol.I, December 2022).
ISBN: 978-0-6397-1978-8 (e-book)
Please scroll down should you wish to download the individual papers.
Any enquiries can be made to sacairsc@gmail.com
The Proceedings of SACAIR2022 Online Conference, the 3rd Southern African Conference for Artificial Intelligence Research
The SACAIR Online Proceedings include all abstracts, as well as the full research papers accepted for presentation at the SACAIR2022 online conference (Vol.I, December 2022).
ISBN: 978-0-6397-1978-8 (e-book)
Any enquiries can be made to sacairsc@gmail.com
Copyright Notice
All rights reserved. No part of these proceedings may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, without prior written permission of the publisher.
The SACAIR 2022 organising committee is not responsible for errors or omissions from individual papers contained in these proceedings. Technical electronic anomalies are possible and unavoidable during the compilation process. The publisher is not responsible for the accuracy and validity of information contained in these papers, nor is it responsible for the final use to which this book may be used.
The SACAIR 2022 Proceedings Editors attest as follows: All conference paper submissions that appear in these proceedings have been through a double-blind peer review process prior to acceptance into the final conference programme.
Editors: Anban Pillay, Aurona Gerber, and Edgar Jembere.
Published Online by the SACAIR2022 Organising Committee
Private Bag X20
Hatfield
0028
ISBN: 978-0-6397-1978-8 (electronic)
© The Authors
December 2022
Preface
Message from the General Chairs
Dear authors and readers,
It is with great pleasure that we write this foreword to the proceedings of the third Southern African Conference for Artificial Intelligence Research (SACAIR 2022), held as a hybrid online and in-person event from the 5th to 9th December 2022. The program included an unconference for students on the 5th December 2022 (a student-driven event allowing students to interact with each other and with sponsors and potential employers), a day of tutorials on the 6th December, and the main conference from 7 − 9 December 2022.
SACAIR 2022 is the third international conference focused on Artificial Intelligence hosted by the SACAIR Steering Committee, an affiliate of the Centre for AI Research (CAIR), South Africa. The Centre for AI Research (CAIR)1 is a South African distributed research network established in 2011 that aims to build world-class Artificial Intelligence research capacity in South Africa. CAIR conducts foundational, directed, and applied research into various aspects of AI through its nine research groups based at six South African universities (the University of Pretoria, the University of KwaZulu-Natal, the University of Cape Town, Stellenbosch University, University of the Western Cape and North West University).
The inaugural CAIR conference, the Forum for AI Research (FAIR 2019) was held in Cape Town, South Africa, in December 2019, SACAIR 2020 was held in February 2021 after being postponed due to the Covid pandemic and SACAIR 2021 was an online event hosted by the University of KwaZulu-Natal, in Durban, in December 2021.
We are pleased that this, our third annual Southern African Conference for Artificial Intelligence Research (SACAIR), continued to enjoy the confidence of the South African artificial intelligence research community. The 2022 conference attracted support from both authors, who submitted high-quality research papers, as well as researchers who supported the conference by serving on the international program committee.
Any sufficiently advanced technology has the potential to transform society for better or worse. Artificial Intelligence technologies in general, and their current data-driven form, has the potential to transform our world for the better. However, especially in the context of machine learning applications, there are well founded concerns around fairness, structural bias and amplification of existing social stereotypes, privacy, transparency, accountability and responsibility, and trade-offs among all these concerns, especially within the context of security, robustness, and accuracy of AI systems. These issues talk directly to concerns around social justice that have become ever more important in the modern age. It was decided that the theme for SACAIR 2022 should be AI for Social Justice. The choice of conference theme was intended to ensure multi-disciplinary contributions that focus both on the technical aspects and social impact and consequences of AI technologies. To give expression to this, the conference was organized as a multi-track conference that would cover broad areas of Artificial Intelligence namely:
Algorithmic, Data Driven and Symbolic AI (Computer Science & Engineering)
Socio-technical and human-centered AI (Information Systems)
Responsible and Ethical AI (Philosophy and Law)
Inter- and transdisciplinary AI research
The accepted papers show a healthy balance between contributions from logic-based AI and those from data-driven AI, as the focus on knowledge representation and reasoning remains an important ingredient of studying and extending human intelligence. In addition, important contributions from the fields of social-technical and human-centred AI and responsible and ethical AI are reported in this volume.
We expect this multi- and interdisciplinary conference to grow into the premier AI conference in Southern Africa as it brings together nationally and internationally established and emerging researchers from across disciplines including Computer Science, Engineering, Mathematics, Statistics, Informatics, Philosophy and Law. The conference is also focused on cultivating and establishing a network of talented students working in AI from across Africa.
A conference of this nature is not possible without the hard work and contributions from many stakeholders. We extend our sincere gratitude to our sponsors: the Artificial Intelligence Journal (AIJ), the National Institute of Computational Sciences (NiTHeCS), the Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research (CAIR) and the BMW IT Hub South Africa. These sponsors have made it possible to offer generous scholarships to students and emerging academics to participate in the conference. We sincerely thank the technical chairs for their work in overseeing technical aspects of the conference and the publication of the two volumes of the proceedings, the international panel of reviewers, our keynotes, authors, and participants for their contributions. Finally, we extend our gratitude to the track chairs, the local organizing committee, student organizers, and the conference organizer for their substative contributions to the success of SACAIR 2022.
October 2022 Alta de Waal
Bruce Watson
Forward
Message from the Program Chairs
This online proceedings the Third Southern African Conference of Artificial Intelligence Research (SACAIR 2022) is presented in two volumes. The first is published as Volume 1734 of the Springer series, Communications in Computer and Information Science – CCIS (https://link.springer.com/
The inter- and trans-disciplinary nature of the SACAIR series of conferences in Artificial Intelligence is unique in providing a venue for researchers from a diverse set of disciplines that include Computer Science, Engineering, Information Systems, Law and Philosophy and the Humanities. The organization of such a conference has to carefully consider the differing research methods, interests, publication standards, and cultures of these disciplines. The conference was thus organized around four tracks: Algorithmic, Symbolic and Data-Driven AI (Computer Science and Engineering – CSE), Socio-technical and human-centered AI (Information Systems – IS), Responsible and Ethical AI (Philosophy and Law – PHIL) and Inter- and trans-disciplinary AI research.
The program committee comprised 112 members (representing some 43 research institutions), 28 of whom were from outside Southern Africa. Each paper was reviewed by at least two members of the program committee in a rigorous, double-blind process. Great care was taken to ensure the integrity of the conference including careful attention to avoid conflicts of interest. The following criteria were used to rate submissions and to guide decisions: relevance to SACAIR, significance, technical quality, scholarship, and presentation that included quality and clarity of writing.
We received just under 100 abstracts, and after submission and a first round of evaluation, 73 submissions were sent to our SACAIR program committee for review. The papers consisted of 54 in the CSE track, 11 in the IS track and 7 in the PHIL track. Twenty-six full research papers were selected for publication in the Springer CCIS volume (an acceptance rate of 35.6%), whilst a further 18 papers were accepted for inclusion in this online volume (24.7% acceptance rate). The total acceptance rate for publication in the two volumes was 60.2% for reviewed submissions. In total, four papers from the Responsible and Ethical AI track, eight papers from Socio-technical and human-centered AI track and 32 papers the Algorithmic, Symbolic and Data-Driven AI were accepted for publication in the two volumes.
Thank you to all the authors who submitted work of an exceptional standard to the conference and congratulations to the authors whose work was accepted for publication. We place on record our gratitude to the program committee members whose thoughtful and constructive comments were well received by the authors.
Papers in these two volumes are organised per the three tracks.
December 2022
Anban W. Pillay
Edgar Jembere
Aurona Gerber
Our Sponsors
Organization
General Chairs
| Alta de Waal | BMW IT Hub South Africa, South Africa & |
| University of Pretoria, South Africa | |
| Bruce Watson | Stellenbosch University, South Africa |
Technical Committee Chairs
| Aurona Gerber | University of Pretoria, South Africa |
| Edgar Jembere | University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa |
| Anban Pillay | University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa |
Organizing Committee
| Alta de Waal | BMW IT Hub South Africa, South Africa & |
| University of Pretoria, South Africa | |
| Bruce Watson | Stellenbosch University, South Africa |
| Aurona Gerber | University of Pretoria, South Africa |
| Danie Smit | BMW IT Hub South Africa, South Africa |
| Edgar Jembere | University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa |
| Emile Engelbrecht | Stellenbosch University |
| Emma Ruttkamp-Bloem | University of Pretoria, South Africa |
| Anban Pillay | University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa |
Program Committee
Algorithmic, data-driven & symbolic AI track
Track Chairs
Alta de Waal BMW IT Hub South Africa, South Africa & University of Pretoria, South Africa Anban Pillay University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Arina Britz Stellenbosch University, South Africa Edgar Jembere University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Ivan Varzinczak University of Paris, France Terence Van Zyl University of Johannesburg, South Africa Program Committee
Abiodun Modupe University of Pretoria, South Africa Albert Helberg North-West University, South Africa Allan De Freitas University of Pretoria, South Africa Andrew Paskaramoorthy University of Cape Town, South Africa Anna Sergeevna Bosman University of Pretoria, South Africa Bruce Watson Stellenbosch University, South Africa Bubacarr Bah African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), South Africa Charis Harley University of Johannesburg, South Africa Colin Chibaya Sol Plaatje University, South Africa David Toman University of Waterloo, Canada Deon Cotterrell University of Johannesburg, South Africa Deshendran Moodley University of Cape Town, South Africa Duncan Coulter University of Johannesburg, South Africa Dustin Van Der Haar University of Johannesburg, South Africa Eduan Kotzé University of the Free State, South Africa Etienne Barnard North-West University, South Africa Fabio Cozman University of São Paulo, Brazil Febe de Wet Stellenbosch University, South Africa Fred Nicolls University of Cape Town, South Africa Gift Khangamwa University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Giovanni Casini ISTI – CNR, Italy Guillermo R. Simari Universidad del Sur in Bahia Blanca, Argentina Hairong Wang University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Herman Kamper Stellenbosch University, South Africa Hima Vadapalli University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Iliana M. Petrova Inria, France Inger Fabris-Rotelli University of Pretoria, South Africa Jaco Versfeld Stellenbosch University, South Africa Jan Buys University of Cape Town, South Africa Jesse Heyninck Open Universiteit-the Netherlands, Netherlands Jiahao Huo University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Jules-Raymond Tapamo Univesity of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Justice Emuoyibofarhe Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria Karim Tabia Université d’Artois, France Laura Giordano DISIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Italy Laurent Perrussel IRIT – Universite de Toulouse, France Leopoldo Bertossi SKEMA Business School Canada Inc., Canada Louise Leenen University of the Western Cape, South Africa Makhamisa Senekane University of Johannesburg , South Africa Mandlenkosi Gwetu University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Marelie Davel North-West University, South Africa Mohamed Variawa University of Johannesburg, South Africa Olawande Daramola Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa Paul Amayo University of Cape Town, South Africa Pieter de Villiers University of Pretoria, South Africa Ramon Pino Perez Université d’Artois, France Richard Booth Cardiff University, Wales Richard Klein University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Roald Eiselen North-West University, South Africa Rudzani Mulaudzi The University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Shakuntala Baichoo University of Mauritius, Mauritius Sihem Belabbes LIASD, Université Paris 8, France Stefan Woltran TU Wien, Austria Steven James University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Sunday Oladejo Stellenbosch University, South Africa Sunday Olatunji Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam, Saudi Arabia Tevin Moodley University of Johannesburg, South Africa Thembinkosi Semwayo University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Thomas Meyer University of Cape Town, South Africa Willie Brink Stellenbosch University, South Africa Zainoolabadien Karim University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Socio-technical and human-centered AI track
Track Chairs
Aurona Gerber University of Pretoria, South Africa Knut Hinkelmann FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland Sunet Eybers University of Pretoria, South Africa Program Committee
Andrea Martin FHNW University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Switzerland Catherine S. Price University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Corné Van Staden University of South Africa, South Africa Danie Smit BMW IT Hub South Africa, South Africa Douglas Parry Stellenbosch University, South Africa Henk Pretorius University of Pretoria, South Africa Johan Breytenbach University of the Western Cape, South Africa Machdel Matthee University of Pretoria, South Africa Marie Hattingh University of Pretoria, South Africa Patrick Mikalef Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway Phil van Deventer University of Pretoria, South Africa Rennie Naidoo University of Pretoria, South Africa Riana Steyn University of Pretoria, South Africa Ridewaan Hanslo University of Pretoria, South Africa Zola Mahlaza University of Pretoria, South Africa
Responsible and ethical AI track
Track Chairs
Emma Ruttkamp-Bloem University of Pretoria, South Africa Tanya de Villiers-Botha Stellenbosch University, South Africa Program Committee
Andrea Palk Stellenbosch University, South Africa Ann-Katrien Oimann KU Leuven / Royal Military Academy, Belgium Arzu Formánek University of Vienna, Austria Ashley Coates University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Attlee Munyaradzi Gamundani Namibia University of Science and Technology, Namibia Cindy Friedman Utrecht University, Netherlands Dilara Boga Central European University (Vienna), Austria Fabio Tollon Stellenbosch University, South Africa Helen Robertson University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Karabo Maiyane University of Pretoria, Nelson Mandela University, South Africa Mbangula Lameck Amugongo Namibia University of Science and Technology, Namibia Niël Conradie RWTH Aachen University, Germany Rosemann Achim De Montfort University, United Kingdom Ryan Nefdt University of Cape Town, South Africa Sven Nyholm Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands Zach Gudmunsen University of Leeds, United Kingdom